Honeywell HFO 1234yf Cool for all concerned HONEYWELL’S LOW GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL REFRIGERANT IS THE COOL CHOICE. HFO-1234yf — A Green Solution to a Global Challenge Introduction Starting in 2011, automakers must meet the EU’s MAC Directive, which prohibits the use of refrigerants with a global warming potential (GWP) higher than 150. Honeywell has started commercial operations at its new manufacturing plant in Geismar, La., to meet the growing global demand for its next-generation mobile air conditioning (MAC) refrigerant. With this start-up, the plant has become the world’s largest site for producing HFO-1234yf—sold.

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Cannot create new folder right click windows 10. HFO-1234yf - ACS Publications - American Chemical Society Dec 8, 2009 - Consulting, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073; U.S. Protection Agency. Natives to HFC-134a for MAC applications. •HFO-1234yf flammability characteristics are “milder than” those of hydrocarbon gases or HFC-152a • US Codes, (NFPA 58, NPFA 59A,NFPA1) may be overly conservative with regard to HFO-1234yf. • HFO-1234yf flammability properties similar to ammonia for electrical equipment classification.

This SAE Standard pertains to refrigerant vapor compression systems that provide chilling and/or heating system for passenger cars, gentle vehicles and industrial automobiles (on and off road) that make use of automotive kind mobile surroundings conditioning MAC systems. Huge trucks, buses and other vehicles that do not use typical motor vehicle a/c techniques or make use of refrigerants not outlined in this record are not really covered by this regular. This standard covers any automobile with a Macintosh system using a belt or electrical motor powered compressor. This record provides standards for design, assembly, test and service of Macintosh techniques to reduce environmental, health and protection impacts. Also included are usually cautionary claims for the program industry to alert specialists to the inadvisability and achievable wellness or protection effects linked with venting refrigerant during provider.

It will be not intended to limit the use, or more growth, of additional forms of refrigeration systems for cellular air health and fitness applications. This document may be amended or extra safety specifications produced should other systems become useful. This record addresses just HFC-134a (R-134a), carbon dioxide (R-744), and HFO-1234yf (L-1234yf) refrigerants. To prevent system contamination all refrigerants used in cellular air health and fitness vapor compression systems require unique program fixtures and provider products. The exclusive service fixtures are intended to get rid of the potential for program refrigerant cross-contamination during provider action. CFC-12 (Ur-12) is certainly no longer in use in fresh MAC techniques. The service fitting explanation is managed as a research for older vehicles nevertheless in use.

When retrofitting an L-12 program to make use of R-134a or when removing R-12 (vehicle convenience) make use of service products developed for Ur-12 and authorized to meet the specifications of SAE J1990 (Ur-12 recovery and recycle equipment). HFC-152a can be an A2 flammable refrigerant as categorized by ASHRAE 34 and should end up being used just with a secondary loop program. However, until Macintosh systems are usually developed to use R-152a (HFC-152a), no SAE Requirements for program design, assistance gear or provider procedures have been founded.

The Ur-152a services fittings defined within this Standard were set up as part of the industries evaluation of replacement refrigerants and are usually taken care of for future design assistance and to avoid potential refrigerant get across contamination.

A heat transfer structure for use in a mobile air-conditioning system in a automobile, contains a 1st component comprised of a hydrofIuoroolefin refrigerant. Taskbar issues windows 10. A second element of the composition contains a polyvinylether lubricant. The high temperature transfer structure is suitable for make use of in a mobile air-conditioning program when the cellular air-conditioning system is powered by a mechanically driven compressor, and is certainly also compatible for make use of in the mobile air-conditioning system when the mobile air-conditioning system is run by an electrically driven compressor buiIt-in to thé cellular air-conditioning program.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION The existing application is definitely a divisional of U.Beds. Patent program Ser. 14/277,264, submitted May 14, 2014, permitted Make use of OF PVE LUBRICANTS WITH Alternative REFRIGERANTS IN A Portable AIR CONDITIONING Program, the entire disclosure of which will be hereby integrated thus by research.

FIELD OF THE Creation The existing invention generally relates to compositions for use in mobile air health and fitness (MAC) systems, and more particularly, to refrigerant compositions composed of a substitute refrigerant and á polyvinylether (PVE) lubrication for make use of in MAC systems having a compressor that will be either belt driven or electrically driven. BACKGROUND OF THE Creation Fluorocarbon structured fluids, like as refrigerants, have been used in a range of programs, like as surroundings conditioning, refrigeration systems, and various other heat move techniques. As issues increase concerning the use of fluorocarbon based liquids in like systems, substitute refrigerants have been developed and marketed as a even more environmentally helpful option as compared to refrigerants having chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ánd hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs). WhiIe these substitute refrigerants generally supply the necessary heat exchange qualities for use in a range of applications, there compatibility with different lubricants for use in different systems is definitely varied, like that different lubricants are usually often needed for use in specific systems. For instance, when using a hydrofluoro-oIefin (HFO) refrigerant, á polyalkylene gIycol (PAG) lubricant is generally used with a mechanical belt driven compressor in a Mac pc system. The same refrigerant is usually often utilized with a polyolester (POE) lubrication in an electrically driven compressor in a MAC system owing to the low resistivity of PAG lubricants.

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Usually, an HFO refrigerant is certainly not utilized with a POE lubrication in belt driven compressors due to material compatibility problems with elastomers frequently used in Mac pc systems. Thus, a refrigerant composition is desired wherein a substitute refrigerant will be utilized in mixture with a lubricant that can be used in both mechanically belt driven compressors, mainly because well as electrically driven compressors.

Overview OF THE Innovation According to one aspect of the present innovation, a heat transfer structure for make use of in a mobile air-conditioning system in a automobile, contains a initial component made up of a hydrofIuoroolefin refrigerant. A second element of the structure consists of a polyvinylether lubricant. The warmth transfer composition is compatible for use in a cellular air-conditioning system when the cellular air-conditioning program is run by a mechanically driven compressor, and is definitely also compatible for make use of in the cellular air-conditioning program when the mobile air-conditioning system is powered by an electrically driven compressor buiIt-in to thé cellular air-conditioning system. These and additional aspects, items, and functions of the present innovation will become realized and appreciated by those qualified in the art upon learning the pursuing specification, claims, and appended sketches. DETAILED Explanation OF THE Desired EMBODIMENTS The existing innovation relates to compositions including a replacement refrigerant and a lube for make use of in MAC techniques.

The replacement refrigerant, for purposes of the present invention, will be usually a hydrofluoroolefin (HF0) refrigerant which contains all tetrafluoropropenes, such as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, HFO-1234yf or L-1234yf. As utilized throughout this disclosure, the alternative refrigerant will usually be referred to as HFO-1234yy, although this status is definitely exemplary only and additional alternative refrigerants may become used in conjunction with the present invention. HFOs are chemical substances that are usually constructed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon.

HFOs are recognized from hydrofIorocarbons (HFCs) as HF0s are usually derivatives of alkenes (olefins) instead than alkanes. HFO-1234yf is definitely a hydrofluoroolefin with the method CH 2═CFCF 3 as proven in Formula I actually. As a alternative refrigerant, HFO-1234yn has happen to be used as a substitution for L134a in vehicle air fitness systems. HFO-1234yf can be a favored replacement as it has a Global Warming Potential of much less than one. HFO-1234yf, as used in Mac pc systems, satisfies the Western Parliament MAC directive 2006-40-EC.

Further, HFO-1234yf qualifies for A/D credit in the United Claims under Light-Duty Automobile Greenhouse Gasoline Emissions and Corporate Regular Fuel Overall economy Criteria. As like, HFO-1234yf is definitely a suitable replacement refrigerant for use with the existing structure. When preparing a composition for make use of in a Macintosh system, many issues associated to the compatibiIity of a réfrigerant and the associated lubrication must end up being considered to enhance system overall performance. These aspects consist of solubility, misability, tóxicity, decomposition, resistivity, Iubricity, and consideration of the components which will come into get in touch with with the composition within the MAC program.

With respect to solubility, the chosen lubrication should end up being sufficiently soluble in the substitute refrigerant over a ideal variety of operating temperatures noticed in belt driven and inverter powered compressors. Both belt powered (mechanical) and inverter motivated (electrical) compressors are used in Mac pc techniques in several vehicles. Proper solubility between the lubricant and the replacement refrigerant enables the lubricant to correctly lubricate the program by decreasing viscosity of the lubricant.

Proper solubility more helps to maintain the efficiency of the system by avoiding buiId-up in any oné part of the Macintosh system. Applicants have discovered that the soIubility between HFO-1234yy and a PVE lubrication offers the solubility required for working in both a belt driven or inverter driven MAC system. In structure, an quantity of alternative refrigerant (HFO-1234yn) is usually at minimum about 50% of the complete structure, and even more ideally, at least about 70% of the overall structure. The PVE lubricant will generally consist of the majority of the staying proportion of the overall structure as used with the replacement refrigerant.

Further, the operating temperatures variety of the composition may be from about −7° C. To about 130° C. For make use of in a variety of techniques in varying situations. As mentioned above, the soIubility of the lubrication in the alternative refrigerant reduces the viscosity of the lube for enhanced lubricity of the program, however, it is usually mentioned that the replacement refrigerant should not really reduce the viscosity of the lube in like a manner that there will be inadequate lubrication in thé compressor of thé MAC system. Insufficient lubrication can direct to enhanced use and achievable damage to the MAC system. The lubricant should become configured to offer a stability between lubricity ánd viscosity to make sure appropriate compatibility with the chosen compressor.

Applicants have found that a high temperature transfer structure of HFO-1234yf and a PVE lubricant in the amounts indicated above, offers suitable solubility, misability and viscosity necessary for proper working of either a belt powered compressor or an inverter powered compressor. Viscosity óf the PVE lube used with the present creation may possess a viscosity index of about 32 or 68. Additional viscosities may work with present composition as well. Particularly, applicants possess discovered that the miscibiIity of á PVE lube in HFO-1234yn is better than the miscibiIity of PAG Iubricants in HFO-1234yf. This improved miscibility can allow for lower quantities of PVE lube to become utilized in the MAC system. Usually, as used in a MAC program, the lubricant will decrease the warmth transfer capability of the temperature exchangers. Thus, a better coefficient of performance (Policeman) is definitely noticed when the amount of lubricant in a Macintosh system is certainly reduced.

Like an enhanced COP is definitely found in the composition of the present invention. Particularly, the increased miscibility of a PVE lubricant in HFO-1234yy results in much better overall program lubrication, as specific components of the compressor are usually coated with components to decrease friction. These components may consist of metals like as tin ón the swash plate or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) on the pistons which may end up being incompatibIe with PAG or P0E lubricants. The composition of the existing invention making use of a PVE lube with HFO-1234yf provides for a steady composition actually when brought into contact with steel parts and elastomeric components.

This improved lubrication and balance discovered in the existing composition has the possible to enable for lower price films. With regard to resistivity of the substitute refrigerant and lubricant composition, referring to either the electric insulation or volume resistivity, an suitable resistivity level is quite important for use with hermetic compréssors. With the enhanced popularity of electrical vehicles, compressors powered by an electric inverter are becoming even more common. As recognized from a belt drive compressor, the electrical inverter compressor can be powered by an electric engine that is constructed into the compressor housing and driven by voltage from the automobile's power supply program.

In such systems, electric motor windings are usually shown to, or in any other case come in contact with, the lube. Therefore, the lubricant most have great electric insulating properties to prevent possible present leakage from the electric motor windings. Appropriate electrical insulating qualities are found in a usually high quantity resistivity of abóut 1×10 14 ohm-cm. As mentioned above, PAG lubricants have a reduced resistivity, about 1×10 10 ohm-cm, such that the low competitors to the movement of electric cost within a PAG lube increases the possibilities of shorting a higher voltage inverter driven compressor, which could direct to not really just a shutdown of the Mac pc program, but a shutdówn of the whole automobile that is definitely electrically run. Owing to this reduced resistivity óf PAG lubricants, P0E lubricants possess generally happen to be utilized in electric powered or hybrid vehicles due to the comparably increased resistivity of the POE lubricant.

The reduced resistivity of a PAG lube is definitely of like issue that cross-contamination of also 1% PAG oil in a system can reduced the resistivity sufficiently to damage the MAC system. Candidates have discovered that making use of a PVE essential oil with the HFO-1234yf refrigerant provides for the high resistivity necessary for appropriate working of an inverter powered compressor, while also having suitable materials compatibility with elastomer materials found in belt powered compressor techniques. Thus, Applicants submit that the structure of the existing invention is ideal for use with both a belt push MAC system and an inverter driven MAC system in a automobile. Using a solitary alternative refrigerant (HFO-1234yn) and a solitary lubricant (PVE lubricant) to type a structure for both belt driven and electrical powered compressors helps to prevent cross-contamination óf PAG and P0E lubricants which are suitable for make use of just with specific compressor forms, as mentioned above. As further observed above, a significant advantage of the PVE lubricant can be the higher resistivity for suitable make use of with electrical compressors. In this method, the PVE lubrication is similar to POE lubricants, but, also mentioned above, the PVE lubricant dosage not experience from the same materials compatibility issues found in POE Iubricants. In a mechanicaIly belt driven compressor, a plastic based internal liner utilized with reduced permeation line materials will be generally not compatible with POE lubricants.

The existing composition, nevertheless, is suitable with like an inner liner much like a structure making use of a PAG lube. Currently, POE lubricants need a hose pipe building with a nylon internal liner for staying away from material compatibility problems. These nylon-lined hoses are even more difficult to crimp to aluminium ranges and possess undesired increased permeation levels. Since EPA A/C Green House Gasoline (GHG) credit are based partially on the permeation rates of the tubes used in the Mac pc system, the existing composition of PVE Iubricant and HFO-1234yf outcomes in higher credits as used with low permeation hoses. Like a system is much better for the environment overall.

Further, a common lubrication for make use of between electrical and belt powered compressors decreases intricacy in the set up seed and during automobile program at dealers reducing price and the possible for errors. The PVE lube in the structure of the present invention offers the essential combination compatibility with electric and belt powered compressors while furthermore exhibiting the preferred ecological advantages produced from a program having a replacement refrigerant such as HFO-1234yy. It will be to be understood that variants and adjustments can end up being produced on the aforementioned structure without leaving behind from the concepts of the present creation, and further it is definitely to be recognized that like concepts are designed to end up being covered by the sticking with states unless these states by their vocabulary expressly condition otherwise.